The Transition from Conventional Constitutions to Digital Law: Constitutional Law Challenges in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62504/jimr1430Keywords:
Digital constitution , constitutional law, artificial intelligence, rule of law, digital democracyAbstract
The rapid advancement of digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) in the twenty-first century has fundamentally transformed the structure of modern constitutional governance. Digitalization has reshaped the interactions between governments and citizens, altered the patterns of political participation, and presented major challenges to constitutional principles. This study aims to analyze the implications of technological development for constitutional law and propose the concept of a digital constitution as an adaptive framework in the AI era. This study employs a normative legal method, using both conceptual and statutory approaches. Legal materials consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, which are analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The findings reveal that, while digital transformation enhances governmental efficiency and public transparency, it also generates serious risks, including data misuse, digital surveillance, and political disinformation. These dynamics demand a reinterpretation of constitutional norms to protect citizens' digital rights in cyberspace. The concept of a digital constitution is proposed as a normative response that integrates digital rights into constitutional rights and reaffirms the principle of the rule of law within technological governance. To achieve a democratic and just constitutional order, it is crucial to strengthen regulatory frameworks, ensure algorithmic accountability, and foster collaboration among state institutions, civil society, and the private sector. Ultimately, constitutional law must evolve into an adaptive, transparent, and fair system that can address the profound challenges of the digital and AI-driven era.
Downloads
References
Asshiddiqie, J. (2021). Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.
Baihaqi, M. R. (2023). Demokrasi Digital: Memahami Dampak dan Tantangan. Penerbit Adab.
Bakry, K., Apriyanto, A., & Mangaluk, E. (2025). Hukum Tata Negara: Teori dan Penerapan Hukum Tata Negara di Negara Demokrasi: Teori dan Penerapan Hukum Tata Negara di Negara Demokrasi. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Fatimah, S. (2025). Transformasi Ruang Publik Digital: Tantangan Sosial dan Konstitusional dalam Demokrasi Era Media Baru. Cakrawala, 19(1), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v19i1.785
Hariyono, H., Candra, I. A., Mauliansyah, F., Wahyudin, Y., & Rizal, M. (2024). Transformasi Digital: Teori dan Implementasi pada Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Menuju Era Society 5.0. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Huda, N. H., M.Si, D. H. T. A., S. Ag ,. S. H., M.H, M. I. N., S. H., M.H, A. A. H., S. H., & M.H, D. R. G., S. H. (2024). Data Pribadi, hak Wrga, Dan Negara Hukum: Menjaga Privasi di Tengah Ancaman Digital. Penerbit Widina.
Ilhami, R. (2024). Digital Governance. Mega Press Nusantara.
Laili Kusumadewi, D., & Cahyono, A. B. (2023). Urgensi Perlindungan Data Pribadi Pada Sistem Elektronik Untuk Anak Di Bawah Umur Di Indonesia Serta Perbandingan Regulasi Dengan Uni Eropa (General Data Protection Regulation). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/lexpatri/vol2/iss2/12/
Mardiyati, S. (2024). Implementasi dan Penegakan Hukum Tata Negara dalam Konteks Globalisasi. Disiplin : Majalah Civitas Akademika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda, 30(3), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.46839/disiplin.v30i3.1171
Marwiyah, S., Sedarmayanti, Augustinah, F., Listiani, T., Jubaedah, E., & Kushendar, D. H. (2023). Good Governance (Kepemerintahan yang Baik) Di Era Digital. Deepublish.
Maryono. (2023, Juli). Implementasi Nilai Keharmonisan Bhineka Tunggal Ika: Pembelajaran Bagi Pemilu Pilkada Serentak 2024. Knowlage: Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Penelitian dan Pengembangan. https://www.jurnalp4i.com/index.php/knowledge/article/view/2347
Mulyana, Y., Ariesmansyah, A., Indrianie, M., Arifin, R. K., & Lastari, R. (2024). Dinamika Digital Governance: Antara Teori dan Praktek di Era 4.0. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Muzaimah, L. K., & Abimanyu, A. (2025, Juni). Konstitusi di Zaman Digital: Relevansi, Adaptasi, dan Dampaknya. JIMU:Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisipliner. https://ojs.smkmerahputih.com/index.php/jimu/article/view/926
Nainggolan, A., Lumbantoruan, I. E., & Manalu, S. (2024). Eksistensi Negara Hukum Dalam Era Digital. MIMBAR KEADILAN: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. https://ejournal.pustakakaryamandiri.com/ojs/index.php/mk/article/view/193
Rachmad, Y. E., Ilham, R., Indrayani, N., Manurung, H. E., Judijanto, L., Laksono, R. D., & Sa’dianoor. (2024). Layanan Dan Tata Kelola E-Government: Teori, Konsep Dan Penerapan. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=nUsHEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA55&dq=Seperti+negara+Estonia+telah+menerapkan+sistem+e-governance+berbasis+prinsip+transparansi+dan+akuntabilitas+konstitusional.&ots=MAGoTq8gXd&sig=u4MbN1tWlekCElW9JBcxu4e1M3w&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Rizkia, N. D., & Fardiansyah, H. (2023). Metode Penelitian Hukum (Normatif dan Empiris). Penerbit Widina.
Santoso, I. A. P. (2025). Peran Digitalisasi Dalam Meningkatkan Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Pemerintahan | Indonesian Journal of Public Administration Review. https://journal.pubmedia.id/index.php/par/article/view/4004
Saraya, S., Lubis, A. F., Juansa, A., Layungasri, G. R., & Rianty, E. (2025). Dinamika Hukum di Indonesia: Perkembangan & Tantangan. PT. Star Digital Publishing, Yogyakarta-Indonesia.
Sari, L. P., & Jannani, N. (2023). Urgensi Regulasi Artificial Intelligence di Indonesia Perspektif Teori Hukum Responsif dan Sadd Al-Dzariah. Al-Balad: Journal of Constitutional Law, 5(3). https://urj.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/albalad/article/view/6329
Sedana, I. W. A., Widnyani, I. A. P. S., Girindra, I. A. G., Saraswati, N. M. A. I., Ekayasa, I. P. G. J., Rahayu, N. M. P., Sapariati, A., Astawa, I. B., Sugiarta, I. W. A., Unilawati, P., Zunaeca, I. P. A. D., Tunggadewi, F., Adnyana, I. P. N. K., Putra, I. W. S., Kristiawan, M. D., Suryani, N. L. P., Pinatih, D. A. A. I., Suryaningsih, K., Padmayoni, N. P. K. S., … Surya, W. (2025). Efisiensi Pelayanan Publik Di Era Kecerdasan Buatan. Penerbit Widina.
Setyarahajoe, R. (2025). Politik Digital: Transformasi Komunikasi Politik di Era Media Sosial. Jakad Media Publishing.
Siregar, M. (2024). Teori Hukum Progresif dalam Konsep Negara Hukum Indonesia | Siregar | Muhammadiyah Law Review. https://ojs.ummetro.ac.id/index.php/law/article/view/3567
Tahir, R., Astawa, I. G. P., Widjajanto, A., Panggabean, M. L., Rohman, Moh. M., Dewi, N. P. P., Deliarnoor, N. A., Abas, M., Ayu, R. F., & Meinarni, N. P. S. (2023). Metodologi Penelitian Bidang Hukum: Suatu Pendekatan Teori dan Praktik. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=e4jhEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=Metode+penelitian+yang+digunakan+dalam+penelitian+ini+adalah+metode+penelitian+hukum+normatif.+Penelitian+ini+berfokus+pada+pengkajian+terhadap+norma-norma+hukum+yang+mengatur+hubungan+antara+perkembangan+teknologi+digital,+khususnya+kecerdasan+buatan,+dan+sistem+ketatanegaraan+yang+berlandaskan+konstitusi.&ots=ntGZ9CYdFv&sig=yDwNAr-p1GUFqO0VM-3KrdUR0Bs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Tarigan, R. S. (2024a). Konstitusi dan Kekuasaan Studi Kasus Dalam Hukum Tata Negara. Ruang Karya Bersama.
Tarigan, R. S. (2024b). Konstitusi dan Kekuasaan Studi Kasus Dalam Hukum Tata Negara. Ruang Karya Bersama.
Tarigan, R. S. (2024c). Menuju Negara Hukum Yang Berkeadilan. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=YyIVEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Menuju+pembentukan+konstitusi+digital,+diperlukan+pendekatan+konseptual+yang+berlandaskan+nilai-nilai+dasar+hukum+tata+negara+seperti+kedaulatan,+keadilan,+dan+demokrasi&ots=7IwVH59Lah&sig=ynW244oGvVOVvrknVFs66rCF_2s&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Tarigan, R. S. (2024d). REFORMASI HUKUM TATA NEGARA: MENUJU KEADILAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN. Ruang Berkarya.
Zaelany, F. A., & Putranti, I. R. (2023). Pelanggaran Privasi dan Ancaman Terhadap Keamanan Manusia dalam Kasus Cambridge Analytica. Journal of International Relations Diponegoro, 9(1), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.14710/jirud.v9i1.37259
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Sya’baniatie Ninda Septia (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
