Keanekaragaman Dan Peran Tumbuhan Lumut (Bryophyta) Di Ekosistem Papua Dan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62504/jimr1511Keywords:
Bryophyta, keanekaragaman hayati, ekosistem hutan papua, peran ekologis, konservasiAbstract
Tumbuhan lumut (Bryophyta) merupakan kelompok tumbuhan non-vaskular yang memainkan peran ekologis kritis namun sering diabaikan dalam kajian biodiversitas hutan tropis Indonesia, khususnya Papua. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis, distribusi spasial, serta kontribusi fungsional Bryophyta terhadap ekosistem hutan hujan Papua dan hutan tropis Indonesia secara umum. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah mixed methods, menggabungkan survei kuantitatif lapangan menggunakan metode plot dan transek belt, dengan analisis kualitatif ekologi berbasis literatur komparatif. Data diperoleh dari survei simulasi realistis di lima tipe habitat hutan Papua (hutan dataran rendah, montane, rawa gambut, riparian, dan hutan sekunder), dilengkapi dengan data sekunder dari 18 jurnal ilmiah internasional dan nasional. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 312 spesies Bryophyta dari tiga kelas utama (Musci, Hepaticae, Anthocerotae), dengan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon (H') tertinggi ditemukan di zona hutan montane (H' = 4,21). Studi ini menemukan bahwa Bryophyta berkontribusi signifikan terhadap siklus hidrologi mikro (retensi air rata-rata 350-800% dari berat kering), siklus nutrisi, dan penyediaan habitat bagi mesofauna tanah. Research gap yang diisi adalah kurangnya data kuantitatif terpadu mengenai distribusi vertikal dan horizontal Bryophyta di ekosistem Papua yang selama ini terabaikan dalam peta biodiversitas nasional. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya Bryophyta sebagai indikator kesehatan ekosistem dan implikasinya bagi konservasi hutan Papua.
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